diff --git a/tools/chatgui-android/app/src/main/java/com/utun/chat/data/StreamCaptureEngine.kt b/tools/chatgui-android/app/src/main/java/com/utun/chat/data/StreamCaptureEngine.kt
index f5510b43..6fbf4329 100644
--- a/tools/chatgui-android/app/src/main/java/com/utun/chat/data/StreamCaptureEngine.kt
+++ b/tools/chatgui-android/app/src/main/java/com/utun/chat/data/StreamCaptureEngine.kt
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import android.hardware.camera2.CameraConstrainedHighSpeedCaptureSession
 import android.hardware.camera2.CameraCharacteristics
 import android.hardware.camera2.CameraDevice
 import android.hardware.camera2.CameraManager
+import android.hardware.camera2.CameraAccessException
 import android.hardware.camera2.CaptureRequest
 import android.hardware.camera2.CaptureResult
 import android.hardware.camera2.TotalCaptureResult
@@ -18,26 +19,33 @@ import android.os.Build
 import android.os.Bundle
 import android.os.Handler
 import android.os.HandlerThread
+import android.os.Looper
 import android.os.SystemClock
 import android.util.Range
 import android.view.OrientationEventListener
 import android.view.Surface
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap
 
-/** Camera/codec принадлежат HandlerThread; микрофон и origin сохраняются при смене видео.
- * Превью — второй выход Camera2. Поколения видео и camera session отсеивают старые callbacks. */
+/** Пассивный владелец: сервис сохраняет его до start на main. Camera/codec принадлежат HandlerThread;
+ * микрофон и origin сохраняются при смене видео. Поколения отсеивают старые callbacks.
+ * stop=true подтверждает все SDK/native DSP ресурсы; false сохраняет engine для повторного stop.
+ */
 class StreamCaptureEngine(
     private val context: Context, private val id: Long, private val group: Long,
     private val initialConfig: StreamCaptureConfig, private val microphone: Boolean, private val preview: StreamPreview,
     initialAudioCompressor: RadioCompressorSettings,
     private val ready: (StreamCaptureConfig, Boolean) -> Unit, private val failure: (String) -> Unit
 ) {
-    private val thread = HandlerThread("stream-camera").apply { start() }
-    private val handler = Handler(thread.looper)
+    companion object { private val retained = ConcurrentHashMap.newKeySet<StreamCaptureEngine>() }
+    private val thread = HandlerThread("stream-camera")
+    private lateinit var handler: Handler
+    private var started = false
     private val manager = context.getSystemService(CameraManager::class.java)
     private var camera: CameraDevice? = null
     private var session: CameraCaptureSession? = null
-    private var encoder: MediaCodec? = null
+    private var encoderResources: VideoCodecResources? = null
+    private val encoder: MediaCodec? get() = encoderResources?.codec
     private var input: Surface? = null
     private var activeConfig: StreamCaptureConfig? = null
     private var previewTarget: StreamPreviewTarget? = null
@@ -49,12 +57,19 @@ class StreamCaptureEngine(
     @Volatile private var audioMuted = false
     @Volatile var audioCompressorSettings = initialAudioCompressor
     @Volatile private var stopped = false
-    private var stopping = false
+    @Volatile private var stopping = false
     private var terminalFailure = false
-    private val stopCallbacks = mutableListOf<() -> Unit>()
+    private val closingCameras = linkedSetOf<CameraDevice>()
+    private val closedCameras = linkedSetOf<CameraDevice>()
+    private val ownedSessions = linkedMapOf<CameraCaptureSession, CameraDevice>()
+    private val closingSessions = linkedSetOf<CameraCaptureSession>()
+    private var cleanupQueued = false
+    private var cleanupDue = 0L
+    private var cleanupDelay = 250L
+    private val cleanupTask = Runnable { synchronized(this) { cleanupQueued = false }; cleanupResources() }
     private var opening = false
     private var openingGeneration = 0L
-    private var releaseDone: ((Boolean) -> Unit)? = null
+    private var releaseDone: (() -> Unit)? = null
     private var generation = 0L
     private var videoRevision = 0L
     private var videoRotation = 0
@@ -97,14 +112,17 @@ class StreamCaptureEngine(
 
     private fun observeOrientation(enabled: Boolean) {
         if (orientationEnabled == enabled) return
-        orientationEnabled = enabled; orientation.resetPending()
-        if (!enabled) orientationListener.disable()
-        else if (orientationListener.canDetectOrientation()) orientationListener.enable()
+        orientation.resetPending()
+        if (!enabled) { orientationListener.disable(); orientationEnabled = false }
+        else if (orientationListener.canDetectOrientation()) { orientationEnabled = true; orientationListener.enable() }
         else LogManager.addLog("WARN", "video", "stream orientation sensor unavailable id=$id; using ${orientation.degrees}")
         LogManager.videoTrace("stream orientation monitoring id=$id enabled=$enabled")
     }
 
     fun start() {
+        check(Looper.myLooper() == Looper.getMainLooper() && !stopping && !stopped) { "Capture start requires main and a live owner" }
+        if (started) { LogManager.addLog("WARN", "stream", "duplicate capture start id=$id"); return }
+        started = true; thread.start(); handler = Handler(thread.looper)
         preview.bind { target ->
             if (!handler.post {
                 if (target?.released == true) { LogManager.addLog("WARN", "video", "cancelled preview command id=$id"); return@post }
@@ -121,7 +139,7 @@ class StreamCaptureEngine(
                 target?.release()
             }
         }
-        handler.post {
+        check(handler.post {
             if (stopping || stopped) return@post
             try {
                 val mode = initialConfig.mode
@@ -133,7 +151,7 @@ class StreamCaptureEngine(
                 if (microphone) startAudio()
                 configure(initialConfig)
             } catch (e: Exception) { failed("setup: ${e.message}") }
-        }
+        }) { LogManager.addLog("ERROR", "stream", "capture startup post rejected id=$id; partial owner retained"); "Capture start rejected" }
     }
 
     fun change(config: StreamCaptureConfig) {
@@ -155,7 +173,7 @@ class StreamCaptureEngine(
             }
             waitingFirst = true; reverting = false; switchStartedNs = System.nanoTime()
             LogManager.addLog("INFO", "video", "switch capture id=$id camera=${config.mode.camera} ${config.mode.label} orientation=${config.orientation}")
-            releaseVideo { closed -> if (closed) configure(config) else failed("camera close timed out during switch") }
+            releaseVideo { configure(config) }
         }
     }
 
@@ -190,7 +208,7 @@ class StreamCaptureEngine(
                 setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_FRAME_RATE, mode.fps); setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_I_FRAME_INTERVAL, 1)
                 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 29) setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_MAX_B_FRAMES, 0)
             }
-            encoder = MediaCodec.createByCodecName(mode.codec)
+            encoderResources = VideoCodecResources(MediaCodec.createByCodecName(mode.codec), mode.codec)
             encoder!!.also { codec ->
                 codec.setCallback(object : MediaCodec.Callback() {
                     override fun onInputBufferAvailable(codec: MediaCodec, index: Int) {}