diff --git a/lib/platform_compat.c b/lib/platform_compat.c
index 3c1dc8f8..6e14af8d 100644
--- a/lib/platform_compat.c
+++ b/lib/platform_compat.c
@@ -199,8 +199,11 @@ int get_interface_ipv6_addr_nl(uint32_t netif_index, int prefer_stable, uint8_t*
 }
 #else
 int get_interface_ipv6_addr_nl(uint32_t netif_index, int prefer_stable, uint8_t* addr_out) {
-    (void)netif_index; (void)prefer_stable;
-    if (addr_out) memset(addr_out, 0, 16);
+    if (!addr_out) return -1;
+    memset(addr_out, 0, 16);
+    int temporary = prefer_stable ? 0 : 1;
+    if (get_interface_ipv6_by_index(netif_index, temporary, addr_out) == 0) return 0;
+    if (get_interface_ipv6_by_index(netif_index, !temporary, addr_out) == 0) return 0;
     return -1;
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/src/transport_layer/socket_monitor.c b/src/transport_layer/socket_monitor.c
index 17dfa6f8..34d8c9a2 100644
--- a/src/transport_layer/socket_monitor.c
+++ b/src/transport_layer/socket_monitor.c
@@ -13,26 +13,39 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 
-#ifndef _WIN32
+#ifdef __linux__
 #include <linux/netlink.h>
 #include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
 #include <net/if.h>
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
+#include <net/route.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <net/if_dl.h>
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+#include <iphlpapi.h>
+#include <netioapi.h>
+#include <ws2ipdef.h>
 #endif
 
 struct SOCKET_MONITOR {
     struct UTUN_INSTANCE* instance;
-    socket_t nl_sock;
     void* uasync_handle;
-    int seq;
     uint32_t addr_changes;
     uint32_t link_changes;
     uint32_t route_changes;
     uint32_t socket_updates;
+#ifdef __linux__
+    socket_t nl_sock;
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
+    socket_t route_sock;
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+    HANDLE addr_notify_handle;
+    HANDLE route_notify_handle;
+#endif
 };
 
-static void socket_monitor_read_cb(int fd, void* arg);
+/* ===== Common functions (all platforms) ===== */
 
-#ifndef _WIN32
 static void socket_monitor_update_if_addr(struct ETCP_SOCKET* es) {
     if (es->local_addr.ss_family == AF_INET) {
         if (es->netif_index > 0) {
@@ -103,8 +116,7 @@ static void socket_monitor_update_if_addr(struct ETCP_SOCKET* es) {
     }
 }
 
-static void socket_monitor_check_and_fire(struct SOCKET_MONITOR* sm, struct ETCP_SOCKET* es, uint32_t ifindex) {
-    if (es->netif_index != ifindex) return;
+static void socket_monitor_fire_one(struct SOCKET_MONITOR* sm, struct ETCP_SOCKET* es) {
     struct sockaddr_storage old_if_addr = es->interface_addr;
     socket_monitor_update_if_addr(es);
     if (memcmp(&old_if_addr, &es->interface_addr, sizeof(old_if_addr)) != 0) {
@@ -115,6 +127,14 @@ static void socket_monitor_check_and_fire(struct SOCKET_MONITOR* sm, struct ETCP
     }
 }
 
+static void socket_monitor_check_and_fire(struct SOCKET_MONITOR* sm, struct ETCP_SOCKET* es, uint32_t ifindex) {
+    if (es->netif_index != ifindex) return;
+    socket_monitor_fire_one(sm, es);
+}
+
+/* ===== Linux: netlink ===== */
+#ifdef __linux__
+
 static void socket_monitor_handle_addr(struct SOCKET_MONITOR* sm, struct ifaddrmsg* ifa, int msg_type) {
     sm->addr_changes++;
     DEBUG_DEBUG(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "addr event: type=%s ifindex=%u family=%d",
@@ -196,17 +216,126 @@ static void socket_monitor_read_cb(int fd, void* arg) {
         }
     }
 }
+
+/* ===== FreeBSD: AF_ROUTE routing socket ===== */
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
+
+static void socket_monitor_bsd_read_cb(int fd, void* arg) {
+    struct SOCKET_MONITOR* sm = (struct SOCKET_MONITOR*)arg;
+    char buf[8192];
+    for (;;) {
+        ssize_t n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
+        if (n < 0) {
+            if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK) break;
+            DEBUG_ERROR(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "route socket read fd=%d failed: %s", fd, strerror(errno));
+            break;
+        }
+        if (n < (ssize_t)sizeof(struct rt_msghdr)) break;
+
+        struct rt_msghdr* rtm = (struct rt_msghdr*)buf;
+        if (rtm->rtm_version != RTM_VERSION) continue;
+
+        switch (rtm->rtm_type) {
+        case RTM_IFINFO:
+        case RTM_IFANNOUNCE:
+            sm->link_changes++;
+            DEBUG_DEBUG(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "link event: type=%d", rtm->rtm_type);
+            {
+                struct ETCP_SOCKET* es = sm->instance->etcp_sockets;
+                while (es) {
+                    etcp_socket_cbk_fire(es, ETCP_SOCKET_EVENT_STATUS_CHANGED);
+                    socket_monitor_fire_one(sm, es);
+                    es = es->next;
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+        case RTM_NEWADDR:
+        case RTM_DELADDR:
+            sm->addr_changes++;
+            DEBUG_DEBUG(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "addr event: type=%s", rtm->rtm_type == RTM_NEWADDR ? "NEW" : "DEL");
+            {
+                struct ETCP_SOCKET* es = sm->instance->etcp_sockets;
+                while (es) { socket_monitor_fire_one(sm, es); es = es->next; }
+            }
+            break;
+        case RTM_ADD:
+        case RTM_DELETE:
+            sm->route_changes++;
+            DEBUG_DEBUG(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "route event: type=%s", rtm->rtm_type == RTM_ADD ? "ADD" : "DELETE");
+            {
+                struct ETCP_SOCKET* es = sm->instance->etcp_sockets;
+                while (es) {
+                    if (es->netif_index != 0 || es->local_addr.ss_family == 0) { es = es->next; continue; }
+                    int is_any = 0;
+                    if (es->local_addr.ss_family == AF_INET) {
+                        struct sockaddr_in* sin = (struct sockaddr_in*)&es->local_addr;
+                        is_any = (sin->sin_addr.s_addr == 0);
+                    } else if (es->local_addr.ss_family == AF_INET6) {
+                        struct sockaddr_in6* sin6 = (struct sockaddr_in6*)&es->local_addr;
+                        is_any = (memcmp(&sin6->sin6_addr, &in6addr_any, 16) == 0);
+                    }
+                    if (is_any) socket_monitor_fire_one(sm, es);
+                    es = es->next;
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* ===== Windows: IP Helper callbacks ===== */
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+
+static void process_win_addr_notify(void* arg) {
+    struct SOCKET_MONITOR* sm = (struct SOCKET_MONITOR*)arg;
+    struct ETCP_SOCKET* es = sm->instance->etcp_sockets;
+    while (es) { socket_monitor_fire_one(sm, es); es = es->next; }
+}
+
+static void process_win_route_notify(void* arg) {
+    struct SOCKET_MONITOR* sm = (struct SOCKET_MONITOR*)arg;
+    struct ETCP_SOCKET* es = sm->instance->etcp_sockets;
+    while (es) {
+        if (es->netif_index != 0 || es->local_addr.ss_family == 0) { es = es->next; continue; }
+        int is_any = 0;
+        if (es->local_addr.ss_family == AF_INET) {
+            struct sockaddr_in* sin = (struct sockaddr_in*)&es->local_addr;
+            is_any = (sin->sin_addr.s_addr == 0);
+        } else if (es->local_addr.ss_family == AF_INET6) {
+            struct sockaddr_in6* sin6 = (struct sockaddr_in6*)&es->local_addr;
+            is_any = (memcmp(&sin6->sin6_addr, &in6addr_any, 16) == 0);
+        }
+        if (is_any) socket_monitor_fire_one(sm, es);
+        es = es->next;
+    }
+}
+
+static void WINAPI addr_change_cb(PVOID ctx, PMIB_UNICASTIPADDRESS_ROW row, MIB_NOTIFICATION_TYPE type) {
+    (void)row; (void)type;
+    struct SOCKET_MONITOR* sm = (struct SOCKET_MONITOR*)ctx;
+    sm->addr_changes++;
+    DEBUG_DEBUG(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "addr event: type=%d", (int)type);
+    uasync_post(sm->instance->ua, process_win_addr_notify, sm);
+}
+
+static void WINAPI route_change_cb(PVOID ctx, PMIB_IPFORWARD_ROW2 row, MIB_NOTIFICATION_TYPE type) {
+    (void)row; (void)type;
+    struct SOCKET_MONITOR* sm = (struct SOCKET_MONITOR*)ctx;
+    sm->route_changes++;
+    DEBUG_DEBUG(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "route event: type=%d", (int)type);
+    uasync_post(sm->instance->ua, process_win_route_notify, sm);
+}
+
 #endif
 
+/* ===== Public API ===== */
+
 int socket_monitor_init(struct UTUN_INSTANCE* instance) {
     if (!instance) { DEBUG_ERROR(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "instance is NULL"); return -1; }
     if (instance->socket_monitor) { DEBUG_ERROR(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "socket monitor already initialized"); return -1; }
     DEBUG_INFO(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "initializing socket monitor");
 
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    DEBUG_INFO(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "socket monitor not available on Windows");
-    return 0;
-#else
+#ifdef __linux__
     struct SOCKET_MONITOR* sm = u_calloc(1, sizeof(struct SOCKET_MONITOR));
     if (!sm) { DEBUG_ERROR(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "alloc failed"); return -1; }
     sm->instance = instance;
@@ -240,15 +369,68 @@ int socket_monitor_init(struct UTUN_INSTANCE* instance) {
     instance->socket_monitor = sm;
     DEBUG_INFO(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "socket monitor initialized: nl_sock=%d", sm->nl_sock);
     return 0;
+
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
+    struct SOCKET_MONITOR* sm = u_calloc(1, sizeof(struct SOCKET_MONITOR));
+    if (!sm) { DEBUG_ERROR(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "alloc failed"); return -1; }
+    sm->instance = instance;
+    sm->route_sock = socket(PF_ROUTE, SOCK_RAW, AF_UNSPEC);
+    if (sm->route_sock < 0) {
+        DEBUG_ERROR(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "failed to create route socket: %s", strerror(errno));
+        u_free(sm);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (fcntl(sm->route_sock, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) < 0) {
+        DEBUG_WARN(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "failed to set route socket non-blocking: %s", strerror(errno));
+    }
+    sm->uasync_handle = uasync_add_socket(instance->ua, sm->route_sock, socket_monitor_bsd_read_cb, NULL, NULL, sm);
+    if (!sm->uasync_handle) {
+        DEBUG_ERROR(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "failed to register route socket fd=%d with uasync", sm->route_sock);
+        close(sm->route_sock);
+        u_free(sm);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    instance->socket_monitor = sm;
+    DEBUG_INFO(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "socket monitor initialized: route_sock=%d", sm->route_sock);
+    return 0;
+
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+    struct SOCKET_MONITOR* sm = u_calloc(1, sizeof(struct SOCKET_MONITOR));
+    if (!sm) { DEBUG_ERROR(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "alloc failed"); return -1; }
+    sm->instance = instance;
+
+    DWORD ret = NotifyUnicastIpAddressChange(AF_UNSPEC, addr_change_cb, sm, FALSE, &sm->addr_notify_handle);
+    if (ret != NO_ERROR) {
+        DEBUG_ERROR(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "NotifyUnicastIpAddressChange failed: %lu", (unsigned long)ret);
+        u_free(sm);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    DEBUG_INFO(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "NotifyUnicastIpAddressChange registered: handle=%p", sm->addr_notify_handle);
+
+    ret = NotifyRouteChange2(AF_UNSPEC, route_change_cb, sm, FALSE, &sm->route_notify_handle);
+    if (ret != NO_ERROR) {
+        DEBUG_ERROR(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "NotifyRouteChange2 failed: %lu", (unsigned long)ret);
+        CancelMibChangeNotify2(sm->addr_notify_handle);
+        u_free(sm);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    DEBUG_INFO(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "NotifyRouteChange2 registered: handle=%p", sm->route_notify_handle);
+
+    instance->socket_monitor = sm;
+    DEBUG_INFO(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "socket monitor initialized via IP Helper");
+    return 0;
+
+#else
+    DEBUG_INFO(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "socket monitor not available on this platform");
+    return 0;
 #endif
 }
 
 void socket_monitor_destroy(struct UTUN_INSTANCE* instance) {
     if (!instance) return;
     DEBUG_INFO(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "destroying socket monitor");
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    return;
-#else
+
+#ifdef __linux__
     struct SOCKET_MONITOR* sm = (struct SOCKET_MONITOR*)instance->socket_monitor;
     if (!sm) return;
     instance->socket_monitor = NULL;
@@ -257,5 +439,28 @@ void socket_monitor_destroy(struct UTUN_INSTANCE* instance) {
     DEBUG_INFO(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "socket monitor destroyed: nl_sock=%d addr_changes=%u link_changes=%u route_changes=%u socket_updates=%u",
                sm->nl_sock, sm->addr_changes, sm->link_changes, sm->route_changes, sm->socket_updates);
     u_free(sm);
+
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
+    struct SOCKET_MONITOR* sm = (struct SOCKET_MONITOR*)instance->socket_monitor;
+    if (!sm) return;
+    instance->socket_monitor = NULL;
+    uasync_remove_socket(instance->ua, sm->uasync_handle);
+    close(sm->route_sock);
+    DEBUG_INFO(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "socket monitor destroyed: route_sock=%d addr_changes=%u link_changes=%u route_changes=%u socket_updates=%u",
+               sm->route_sock, sm->addr_changes, sm->link_changes, sm->route_changes, sm->socket_updates);
+    u_free(sm);
+
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+    struct SOCKET_MONITOR* sm = (struct SOCKET_MONITOR*)instance->socket_monitor;
+    if (!sm) return;
+    instance->socket_monitor = NULL;
+    CancelMibChangeNotify2(sm->addr_notify_handle);
+    CancelMibChangeNotify2(sm->route_notify_handle);
+    DEBUG_INFO(DEBUG_CATEGORY_SOCKET, "socket monitor destroyed: addr_changes=%u link_changes=%u route_changes=%u socket_updates=%u",
+               sm->addr_changes, sm->link_changes, sm->route_changes, sm->socket_updates);
+    u_free(sm);
+
+#else
+    (void)instance;
 #endif
 }